Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in pediatric patients. Atenafu b, juliana giraldo salazar c, annie lu a, yvonne yau d, larissa matukas e, elizabeth tullis f, felix ratjen c a divisionofinfectiousdiseases,departmentofpediatrics,thehospitalforsickchildren,universityoftoronto,555universityavenue. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important cause of hospital acquired infection particularly among severely debilitated and immunosuppressed patients. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in pediatric. Antibiotics are used only when removal of prosthesis isnt possible. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia has emerged as a causative agent of serious nosocomial infections. Belvisi v, fabietti p, del borgo c, marocco r, di vincenzo e, soscia f, et al. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia prosthetic valve endocarditis. It is an obligate aerobe, and is capable of growth between 5o and 40oc. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection genetic and rare. Multidrug resistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia authorstream. Resistant to most antimicrobial classes develops resistance quickly during infection trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole sxt is drug of choice consider minocycline, ticarcillinclavulanate if sxtresistant. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental bacterium found in the soil, associated with plants and animals, and in aquatic environments.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia produces proteolytic enzymes and other pathogenic extracellular enzymes such as dnase, rnase, elastase, lipase, hyaluronidase, mucinase and hemolysin, which may contribute to the severity of s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a commensal and an emerging pathogen. The complete genome, comparative and functional analysis. In the present study, phenotypic and genotypic traits of a set of 98 isolates of s. Due to highly antibioticresistant characteristics and being an important pathogen of nosocomial infection, s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia differential diagnoses. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia meningitis article pdf available in pan arab journal of neurosurgery 92. Control experiments, without the addition of biomass as well as with heatkilled cells. Dec 31, 2014 stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important opportunistic, mainly nosocomial pathogen that emerged in the last decades worldwide. It is responsible for roughly 1,000 cases of steno blood poisoning in the u. In about three fourths of the cases, the treatment was successful, while. Medical charts of patients with smb were retrospectively.
Although an uncommon pathogen in humans, s maltophilia infection in humans, especially nosocomial, has been increasingly recognized. What is stenotrophomonas maltophilia stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a motile, gramnegative nonfermentative bacillus previously known as pseudomonas maltophilia and xanthomonas maltophilia. Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tmpsmx is recommended as the treatment of choice for s. The aim of our study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance of s. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia is an aerobic gramnegative bacillus that is found in various aquatic environments. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia as an emerging ubiquitous. It is an obligate aerobe, and is capable of growth between 5o and 40oc 18. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, gramnegative bacterium. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia urinary tract infection is usually associated with a severe clinical course. Successful treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia soft tissue infection with tigecycline. Risk factors associated with stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as an emerging ubiquitous.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia an overview sciencedirect topics. The most effective treatment involves the removal of prosthetic devices. Global emergence of trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance. Falagas me, kastoris ac, vouloumanou ek, dimopoulos g. Resistant to most antimicrobial classes develops resistance quickly during infection trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole sxt is. Therapeutic options for stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Furthermore, it can acquire resistance through the uptake of resistance. Characterization of gold nanoparticles synthesized by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Voluntary data reported to phe for bacteraemias due to pseudomonas species spp. Persistence and variability of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Oct 25, 2018 belvisi v, fabietti p, del borgo c, marocco r, di vincenzo e, soscia f, et al. Nontraditional therapy for stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
It is increasingly recognised as a significant cause of hospital acquired infection particularly among. We present a case of stenotrophomonas maltophilia prosthetic valve endocarditis secondary to an indwelling catheter infection. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia johns hopkins abx guide. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a motile nonfermentative, gram negative bacillus that is readily isolated from environmental sources and water. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infectious disease and. There is a need to establish guidelines for the susceptibility testing of s. As mentioned earlier, stenotrophomonas maltophilia is very difficult to treat due to its natural resistance to many antibiotics. If you have problems viewing pdf files, download the latest version of adobe reader. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of fqs and sxt for the treatment of s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia definition of stenotrophomonas. Genetic and rare diseases information center gard po box 8126, gaithersburg, md 208988126 tollfree.
For language access assistance, contact the ncats public information officer. Apr 17, 2008 stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen of the xanthomonadaceae. A stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an infection pathogen that is present mostly in aqueous environments, e. Whilst relatively distant phylogenetically, the closest sequenced relatives of s.
The bacterium is an obligate aerobe that is common throughout the environment, particularly in water. Ribotyping and pulsefield gel electrophoresis pfge characterization of 76 s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important nosocomial bacterial pathogen, as is pseudomonas aeruginosa. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is emerging as one of the most frequently found bacteria in cystic fibrosis cf patients. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia an overview sciencedirect. B tem image recorded from a dropcoated film of disrupted cell suspension. Meningitis due to stenotrophomonas maltophilia after a. However, treatment of sm bacteremia is challenging due to the resistance of sm to.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia jkms journal of korean medical. Burns, in principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases fourth edition, 2012. S maltophilia is an organism of low virulence and frequently colonizes fluids used in the hospital setting eg, irrigation. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial pathogen, mainly in immunocompromised patients, and is associated with high mortality 1, 4. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a worldwide human opportunistic pathogen associated with serious. Concomitant nosocomial pathogens were present in 30% of patients 3. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia is a multidrugresistant gramnegative bacillus that is an opportunistic pathogen, particularly among hospitalized patients. In a number of cases, the prescription of prolong antibiotic therapy. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a commensal and an emerging pathogen. During 1991 to 1998 at least one stenotrophomonas maltophilia pulmonary infection was observed in 25 24% of 104 cystic fibrosis cf patients at the same unit of our hospital in spain. Pdf antimicrobial treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative, multidrugresistant organism that is typically hospitalacquired and associated with high morbidity and mortality 1, 2. Behind pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter baumannii, s. Treatment of patients with stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections categorized by presence or absence of mechanical ventilation.
Review of the medical records of patients admitted to a large cancer center with cultures yielding s maltophilia from urinary sources during a 15month period. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of potential virulence determinants in five septicemic clinical isolates of s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia an opportunistic ocular bacterial pathogen producing keratitis, keratopathy, and conjunctivitis. Medical devices with pvc are prepared by combining pvc with components. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a topic covered in the johns hopkins abx guide to view the entire topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription official website of the johns hopkins antibiotic abx, hiv, diabetes, and psychiatry guides, powered by unbound medicine. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia previously named xanthomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentive, gramnegative bacillus that is wide spread in the environment, it was considered to be an. Putative virulence characteristics of stenotrophomonas. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia colonizationinfection in patients with cancer has significantly. Fluoroquinolones fqs have in vitro activity against s.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrugresistant global opportunistic nosocomial pathogen, which possesses a huge number of virulence factors and antibiotics resistance characteristics. Suggest treatment for stenotrophomonas maltophilia pseudomonas md stenotrophomonas maltophilia pseudomonas i had a urine culture came back postive for thisim a self cath patient and my urologist sending me to a infectios disease doctor but the nurse dint get me. Communityacquired stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. Antimicrobial surveillance program isolates indicated that the newer.
Frontiers antibiotic resistance in the opportunistic. Infection and colonization by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Treatment of invasive infections caused by this organism is difficult as the bacterium is frequently resistant to a wide range of commonly used antimicrobials. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia can cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients. It also occurs in the hospital environment and may cause bloodstream. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, formerly known as pseudomonas or xanthomonas maltophilia, is an aerobic, glucose nonfermentative, gramnegative bacillus 14 that is frequently isolated from water, soil, animals, plant materials and hospital equipment. Stenotrophomonas bacteremia antibiotic susceptibility and. Steno superbug genome shows extreme drug resistance. An evaluation of biofield treatment on susceptibility pattern of multidrug resistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that has also emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality of immunocompromised patients, particularly in the icu setting.
The recent publication of the genome sequence of the bacterium stenotrophomonas maltophilia was accompanied by a press statement that described this organism as a newly emerging superbug. The emergence of stenotrophomonas maltophilia the bmj. Due to its inherent extended antibiotic resistance, therapeutic options are strongly limited. It is a freeliving organism present in most aquatic and humid environments. The time to return to baseline respiratory status was 5 days 010 median range days in the treated group and 4 days 019 p 0.
Factors that predispose these patients to nosocomial infections include very low birth weight, small size for gestational age, immunologic immaturity, and exposure to invasive procedures, including insertion of intravascular catheters and assisted ventilation. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia urinary tract. Severe infections may require combination therapy including ticarcillin plus. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from patients. This bacterium is found in several environments such as water, soil, plants, food and hospital settings 1, 2. Chronic stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection and. Successful treatment of multiresistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia meningitis with ciprofloxacin in a preterm infant.
Steno, short for stenotrophomonas maltophilia, thrives in moist environments, such as around taps and shower heads, and can be transmitted to people. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia urinary tract infections in. It is an uncommon bacterium and human infection is difficult to treat. May 23, 2008 stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental bacterium increasingly involved in nosocomial infections and resistant to most antibiotics. An emerging global opportunistic pathogen mahendra kumar trivedi 1 shrikant patil 1 harish shettigar 1 mayank gangwar 2 and snehasis jana 2 1 trivedi global inc. Special pathogens laboratory, the legionella experts. Patients with chronic illnesses are more susceptible to this type of infection. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and burkholderia cepacia are gramnegative bacteria that acquire motility via multitrichous polar flagella. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that has also. Jul 08, 2011 colonies of stenotrophomonas maltophilia on macconkey agar, incubation period 3 days at 3035c dr. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia initially classified as pseudomonas maltophilia, later xenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, gramnegative bacillus.
However, welldocumented cases of urinary tract infection with this organism have rarely been reported. The complete genome, comparative and functional analysis of. Can levofloxacin be a useful alternative to trimethoprim. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia resistant to trimethoprim. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important nosocomial pathogen. Skin manifestation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection symptoms, treatments. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental bacterium increasingly involved in nosocomial infections and resistant to most antibiotics. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen in recent years worldwide. The treatment of choice for stenotrophomonas maltophilia is trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole sxt.
Successful treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrobial susceptibility of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative bacterium found in a variety of environments including soil, water, and plants. Treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental global. The clinical course of infection was usually severe.
We present the results of our investigation, some simple methods for identification and maintenance of these microorganisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Risk factors for mortality in patients with stenotrophomonas. New strategies against stenotrophomonas maltophilia. When screened for eps biosynthesis, all five strains produced colonies on. A novel bacterial isolate stenotrophomonas maltophilia as. Initially classified as bacterium bookeri, then renamed pseudomonas maltophilia, s. Differentiation of these bacteria as bacteremic agents is critical in the clinical setting and to define a therapeutic strategy. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen of the xanthomonadaceae. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important evolving pathogen, especially in patients with cystic fibrosis cf, but its mechanism of pathogenesis is poorly understood. Our patient had several risk factors as described above.
It is important to recognize and efficiently treat infections with this bacterium as soon as possible. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are a closely related group of nonfermenting gramnegative bacilli nfgnbs found in. Drug sensitivity test paper combining sulfamethoxazole, sxt. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections of intact skin. Dec 15, 2007 stenotrophomonas maltophilia colonizationinfection in patients with cancer has significantly increased over the past 2 decades. Skin manifestation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection. Jun 30, 2015 stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental bacterium found in the soil, associated with plants and animals, and in aquatic environments. An increasing incidence of stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates has been reported in some cf centers during the last decade 14. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial pathogen that 21 causes fatal infections in critically ill or immunocompromised patients.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia formerly named pseudomonas maltophilia or xanthomonas maltophilia is a nonfermentative gramnegative bacillus, which is isolated from debilitated or immunocompromised patients. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nonfermentative gramnegative bacillus that has been isolated from multiple environmental sources apsiarnthanarak et al. The organism has been isolated from both clinical and soil environments in addition to the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients and the immunocompromised. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia joe flashcards quizlet. Original article chronic stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection and exacerbation outcomes in cystic fibrosis. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia colonizationinfection in patients with cancer has significantly increased over the past 2 decades.
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